Allura Red
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Allura Red1
Allura Red AC; CI 16035; Class: Monoazo OCH3 HO NaO3S NN H3C
SO3Na C18H14N2O8S2Na2 Formula wt 496.43 INS: 129 CAS: [25956-17-6]
DESCRIPTION
Allura Red occurs as a red-brown powder or granule. It is principally the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. It dissolves in water to give a solution red at neutrality and in acid and dark red in base. It is insoluble in ethanol.
Function Color.
REQUIREMENTS
Identification An aqueous solution containing 16.4 mg/L exhibits absorbance intensities (A) and wavelength maxima as follows: at pH 7, A = 0.87 at 500 nm; at pH 1, A = 0.83 at 490 nm (both neutral and acid solutions exhibit a shoulder at about 410 nm); and at pH 13, A = 0.37 at 500 nm, and A = 0.41 at 450 nm.
Assay Not less than 85.0% total coloring matters.
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg.
Ether Extracts Not more than 0.2%.
Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg.
Loss on Drying (Volatile Matter) at 135°,
Chlorides, andSulfates (as sodium salts) Not more than 15.0% in combination.
Subsidiary Colors
Disodium 6-Hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl) azo]-8-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenoxy)-2-naphthalenesulfonic Acid Not more than 1.0%. Higher and Lower Sulfonated Subsidiary Colors (as sodium salts) Not more than 1.0% each.
1To be used or sold for use to color food that is marketed in the United States, this color additive must be from a batch that has been certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If it is not from an FDA-certified batch, it is not a permitted color additive for food use in the United States, even if it is compositionally equivalent. The name FD&C Red No. 40 can be applied only to FDA-certified batches of this color additive. Allura Red is a common name given to the uncertified colorant. See the monograph entitled FD&C Red No. 40 for directions for producing an FDA-certified batch.
Uncombined Intermediates and Products of Side Reactions
4-Amino-5-methoxy-o-toluenesulfonic Acid Not more than 0.2%. Disodium 6,6′-Oxybis(2-naphthalenesulfonic Acid) Not more than 1.0%. Sodium 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic Acid Not more than 0.3%.
Water-Insoluble Matter Not more than 0.2%.
TESTS
Assay Determine the total color strength as the weight percent of the sample taken using Methods I and II in Total Color under Colors, Appendix IIIC. Express the Total Color as the average of the two results.
Method I (Sample Preparation) Transfer 175 to 225 mg of sample, accurately weighed, into a 1-L volumetric flask, dissolve in and dilute to volume with water. The absorptivity
(a) for Allura Red is 0.052 mg/L/cm at 502 nm. Method II (Sample Preparation) Transfer approximately 0.2 g of sample, accurately weighed, into the titration flask.The stoichiometric factor (Fs) for Allura Red is 8.06.
Arsenic Determine as directed under Arsenic Limit Test,Appendix IIIB, using a Sample Solution prepared as directedfor organic compounds.
Chloride Determine as directed in Sodium Chloride underColors, Appendix IIIC.
Ether Extracts Determine as directed in Ether Extractsunder Colors, Appendix IIIC.
Lead Determine as directed under Lead Limit Test, Appendix IIIB, using a Sample Solution prepared as directed fororganic compounds, and 10 �g of lead (Pb) ion in the control.
Loss on Drying (Volatile Matter) at 135° Determine asdirected in Loss on Drying (Volatile Matter) under Colors,Appendix IIIC.
Subsidiary Colors
Solvent System Use a solvent system composed of 20 mL each of acetonitrile, dioxane, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and water and 4 mL of ammonium hydroxide.
Standard Solution Transfer approximately 1 g of purified Allura Red (free of subsidiary colors), accurately weighed, into a 50-mL volumetric flask. Add 50 mg each of lower and higher sulfonated subsidiary colors, accurately weighed, dissolve in and dilute to volume with water. Store in the dark.
Sample Solution Transfer approximately2gof sample, accurately weighed, into a 100-mL volumetric flask, dissolve in and dilute to volume with water.
Procedure Spot 3-�L aliquots of Sample Solution and Standard Solution side by side 3 cm from the bottom of a 20-× 20-cm glass plate coated with a 0.25-mm layer of Silica Gel G. Up to seven samples and standards may be run simultaneously.
When the plate has air dried for 15 min, develop it in an unlined tank equilibrated with the Solvent System for at least 20 min. Allow the solvent front to reach to within 3 cm from the top of the plate.
Allow the plate to dry in a fume hood, and by visual inspection, compare the intensities of the lower and higher sulfonated subsidiary colors with those in the Standard Solution. If the subsidiary colors in the Sample Solution appear more concentrated than those in the Standard Solution, determine the quantity of each, using a densitometer set to monitor the absorbance maximum of each. Calculate the concentrations of the subsidiary colors in percent (P), if present above 0.1%, by the equation
P =(A × p)/AS,
in which A is the area of the densitometer curve, p is the percent of subsidiary color in the Standard Solution, and AS is the area of the densitometer curve for the subsidiary color in the Standard Solution.
Sulfate Determine as directed in Sodium Sulfate under Colors, Appendix IIIC.
Uncombined Intermediates and Products of Side Reactions Determine as directed for Method II in Uncombined Intermediates and Products of Side Reactions under Colors, Appendix IIIC, injecting 20 �L of the following Sample Preparation: Transfer 0.25 g of sample, accurately weighed, into a 100-mL volumetric flask. Dissolve in and dilute to volume with 0.1 M disodium borate (Na2B4O7).
Water-Insoluble Matter Determine as directed in Water-Insoluble Matter under Colors, Appendix IIIC.
Packaging and Storage Store in well-closed containers.
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